More Information
Annie
Kennedy
Bidwell:
An
Intimate
History
by
Lois
H.
McDonald
Historical
biography
of
one
of
the
founders
of
nineteenth-
century
American
California.
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| |
|
Introduction to Annie Kennedy Bidwell: An Intimate History
California was long a land of mythical enchantment, or of fearful dangers, depending on the mind-set of those who visualized it from afar—be they geographers, adventurers or dreamers. Sons and husbands departed to see for themselves whether promises hinted at by that golden island on the Pacific might be fulfilled. Annie Kennedy’s grandfather, upon being invited in 1868 to her wedding wrote, "California! In my boyhood almost ‘terra incognita.’"
Annie Ellicott Kennedy became engaged to marry a Union general—the California pioneer and congressman, John Bidwell. He would take her west to Rancho Chico, away from the high society Washington, D.C., home of her parents. Though fearful of the West’s savage Indians, Annie’s parents nevertheless recognized that the marriage of their daughter to this man of presumed enormous wealth and high rank in California politics could scarcely be forbidden.
Some commentators still assume Annie’s chief accomplishment was to bring social polish to Chico, the crude new town in Northern California founded by her husband. Not so, for though the Bidwells entertained many guests and were lavish in both the meals and entertainment provided to visitors to their mansion, Annie’s focus came to be the causes that she welcomed as God’s plan for her life. Lucky she was that her ambitions so neatly meshed with those of a lenient and loving husband. The two shared everything of themselves after meeting, both of their earlier lives and the frustrations and successes of their life together.
The year following her marriage to Bidwell, Annie traveled by herself on the newly opened transcontinental railway to visit her family. A year later Chico was hooked by rail to San Francisco, a frequent destination of the Bidwells. She traveled from coast to coast many times. She learned to combine her social obligations with participation at both state and national Indian associations, and attendance at Women’s Christian Temperance Union conventions across the country.
Bidwell’s dedication to education reminds one of Jane Stanford, Annie’s contemporary who put so much of both her wealth and her ideas into forming a university. With the Bidwells, it was Chico Normal School built on land they donated, started with their suggestions for curriculum, and over a century later became a state university. Another nineteenth century supporter of education, Phoebe Apperson Hearst, was drawn to Annie with their similarity of ideas and willingness to work for them.
Annie began her role as educator with the Mechoopda Indians of Bidwell Rancheria, driven by both the need to bring these "savages" to Christ and to help prepare them to survive in the white man’s world.
Prohibition and eradication of alcohol produced for human consumption became perhaps the most dedicated endeavor of the many that obsessed this little woman. She became a good friend of Susan B. Anthony and a great admirer and correspondent of Frances Willard. Annie worked tirelessly to achieve women’s suffrage and the multifaceted program of the WCTU.
Annie went on camping trips. She toured Europe. She started businesses, supported friends and relatives in life and death, and she made plans for development and parks in Chico.
Annie E. K. Bidwell’s greatest achievement was providing leadership in the causes she prayed ceaselessly to win others to, and in so doing she gave Chico and all of California a female model of whom to be proud.
About the author
Lois Halliday McDonald is a native of Illinois, growing up on a farm not far from the confluence of the Illinois, Mississippi and Missouri rivers. She graduated from Illinois State University, majoring in speech arts and English.
Teaching, homemaking, and working as a Butte County, California, social worker occupied her first thirty years after college, but then she met Clio on a blind date (her mother coaxed Lois into accompanying her back to New England to look for family beginnings!) and has never since left that muse’s side. To cement the union she took a master’s degree in history from California State University, Chico, in 1976.
Lois McDonald has three children and two stepchildren, adults, all California residents. (One son recently reminded her to include among her activities that of puppet master, one of her hobbies he and his friends enjoyed mightily as a boy.)
For fifteen years Lois served as a director of the Paradise Performing Arts Center. Other board memberships include the Association for Northern California Records and Research, Bidwell Mansion Cooperative Association, the Butte County Branch of the League of American Pen Women and the Paradise Branch, American Association of University Women.
Her previous books include The Fur Trade Letters of Francis Ermatinger, Elsie Hamburger: I Never Look Back, and This Paradise We Call Home. She edited and contributed to an anthology published by the National League of American Pen Women, Ripples Along Chico Creek, and edited other Pen Women publications. She has edited both a quarterly, The California Historian, and the local history semiannual journal, Tales of the Paradise Ridge, writing many articles for the latter. For over six years she contributed a weekly history column to the Paradise Post.
On October 5, 2005, Lois Halliday McDonald died of cancer. There was no memorial as she requested, although scores of friends and relatives gathered at the Paradise Performing Arts Center to relate their experiences about the popular historian and community leader.
Index to Annie Kennedy Bidwell: An Intimate History
A. K. Bidwell Orchards Company 316, 329
Adams, Prof. 378
Agnew, Rev. 120, 132
Alexander, Charles O. 133, 211, 255, 341
death of 341
Alexander, Douglas 296, 342, 343, 374
son of Minnie and Charles O. Alexander 341
Alexander, Gertrude 366, 372
medical care paid by Annie 366
wife of William Morrison Alexander 286
Alexander, Harriett 296, 298, 341, 342, 343, 346, 374
daughter of Minnie and Charles O. Alexander 341
goes to Europe with Annie and others 344
marriage to Irvin Clough 346, 372
Alexander, Minnie (Carroll) 211, 255, 296, 298, 325, 343
Alexander, Sallie (Kennedy) 208, 216, 237, 256, 295, 340
death of 347, 348, 365
sued by relatives 284, 285
Alexander, Thomson "Tom" H. 159, 177, 208, 256, 285, 295, 322, 340, 348
Alexander, William and Gertrude 365
Alexander, William Morrison 217, 233, 237, 256, 286, 295, 296, 320, 335, 340, 356
adopted by Thomson H. and Sallie K. Alexander 217
Gertrude Bruner, wife of 340
son of Joseph M. Morrison 217
Alissa (Indian) 149
Allegheny College 20, 21, 145
Amanda 323, 325
American Party 190
Election Day fiasco 190
Ames, Rev. 97
Annie K. Bidwell WCTU Temple 299, 304
Annual Teachers’ Institutes 361
Anthony, Mary 234
Anthony, Susan B. 229, 231, 310, 320, 321, 397
Anti-Saloon League 311
Apperson, Phoebe 358. See also Hearst, Phoebe (Apperson)
Aranda, Genevieve 355
Arents, directors at Greenville Indian School 246
Armory Hall 257
Armstrong, Col. 347
Arnold, Mrs. 307
Ashe, S. A. 33, 386
Aspinwall, Panama 47
Aurora Mine 179, 184, 394
Azbill [Asbill], Henry 397, 404, 405, 406
Azbill [Asbill], Mary 335, 405
wife of George Clements 398
Bader Hall 305
Bailey, Major A. M. 101, 139, 292, 367
death of 125, 150
takes over as ranch manager 99
Bain, Bud 333
Baldwin, Clara (cousin of Annie) 174
Baldwin, Madge (cousin of Annie) 172, 181
Baldwin, Madge and Frankie 172
Bancroft, H. H. 194
Band of Good Hope 163
Barber, O. C., president of Diamond Match 305
Barber, suburb of Chico 295, 342
Barham, Mr. 225
Bates, Craig D., curator of ethnology at Yosemite 387, 390, 396, 397, 398, 399, 404, 406
Baumgarner, Elsie (Bidwell) 376
Bay, Judge Harmon 227
Baz, Sara Stanley 392
Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward 109, 229
Beers, Alice 206
benevolent aid society 107
Benjamin, Dr. Marcus, Kennedy family friend 292
Bidwell, Abraham 169, 366
Bidwell, Abram 91, 101, 132
general manager of ranch operations 91
Bidwell, America
wife of Thomas Bidwell 50
Bidwell, Annie Ellicott (Kennedy)
asked to pray 207
attacks of nervous headaches 96
busy with WCTU activities 204
childhood memories 13
comforter and nursemaid 24, 28, 32, 54, 201, 209, 218, 227, 236, 237, 340
converted to Presbyterianism 16, 27, 33, 301
correcting husband’s grammar 266
cross country trips 62, 70, 89, 93, 99, 161, 165, 170, 172, 187, 189, 208, 236, 258, 340
daughter of Kennedy, Joseph C. G. and Catherine 25
death of 318, 378, 380
delicate constitution 43
desire to adopt 218, 244
emotional bond with Willie 340
first long separation from John 69, 77, 261, 264
health retreat for 179, 184
introduction to rancheria 57
John Muir, strong friendship with 130
lameness of arm 211, 213, 214, 281, 338, 347, 365
licensed to preach 151
medical treatment 97
mumps 18, 337
nerves 56, 92
offices and duties for the year 181
organizes a Presbyterian church 39, 54
organizes WCTU branches 163, 307
pastor to Bidwell Rancheria Indians 182, 303, 346, 357
patron saint 221
president of WCTU Chico branch 307
removal of city plaza trees opposed 297, 377
sales and gifts of real estate 315, 319, 320, 321, 322, 370
seriously ill 55, 81, 165, 337, 338
shares home with Harriet Alexander 298
sued by relatives 284
travelling in Europe, 1910 308, 309, 341, 345, 347
tuberculosis 183, 187, 189, 279
voice problem 182, 195, 307, 345, 349, 365
will 121, 216, 353, 354, 355, 366, 369, 371
Women’s Congress advisory council member 232
Bidwell Band Association, Inc. 355
member’s names receiving shares or titles of ranch 405
Bidwell Bar, California 63, 277
Bidwell cannery accident 183
Bidwell, Clarissa 169
Bidwell, Daniel 91, 169, 296, 376, 387
half brother of John Bidwell 50
Bidwell, Emroy "Emma" 387
daughter of Daniel 53
education funded by John Bidwell 387
Bidwell, General John 31. See also Bidwell, John
appointed brigadier general 34, 64
very wealthy man 41, 53
Bidwell, John 26, 30, 37, 250
Abraham and Clarissa parents of 169
asks Kennedy’s permission to propose 40
bilious attack 54, 201, 214, 395
bribe charge 106
candidate for California governor 1867 40, 55, 214
candidate for California governor 1890 190
children of 390
confessions 37, 38, 103, 111, 224, 262, 282, 357
death of 254, 281
eightieth birthday 252
elected to 39th Congress, 1866-67 65
elected to Congress, 1865-66, 1866-67 35
fathers Nupani’s son 242, 397
Indian girl, "wife" of 112, 397
"Juan Bidwell" 106
lumbago 182, 184, 205, 208, 209, 235, 249
name chisled in memorial marker 292
Prohibition Party U.S. presidental candidate 183, 193, 202, 214, 309
surveys roadway 251
U.S. congressman 35
wills 259, 366, 369
Bidwell, Lily 50, 387
daughter of Thomas and America Bidwell 50
education funded by John Bidwell 387
Bidwell, Major John 34
Bidwell Mansion 44, 51, 110, 211, 359, 382
addition of new kitchen 297
Annie’s first years of residence 320
Cleaveland, H. W., architect of 65
concrete vault 280
deeded to Presbyterian College Board 321, 373
map of surroundings 354
purchase by State of California 373
redecoration of downstairs 181
sensitive matter of sharing with Reeds 42, 376
servants
Alice Beers 206
Amanda 353
Ann and Annette quarrel 99
Bessie 90
Blake, Florence 160, 206, 254
Charlie Cunningham, houseman 118
Chinese kitchen helper 73
female Irish immigrants 51
feud 73, 90
Hannah 51, 75, 90
Irish girls 52, 73, 206, 365, 407
John Bidwell’s handling of women servants 52
Jones, Susan 206
Kate 51
Lafonso, Genevieve 353
Lulu the maid and cook 182, 252
Mary 90, 269
Nopanny 58
Peter, the houseboy 159, 184
Steward, Susan 51
wars in the kitchen 161
Wong 73
used for approved meetings 166, 298, 359
Bidwell Mansion Association 397
Bidwell Mansion Historic State Park 44, 260, 292
Bidwell, Mary. See Reed, Mary (Bidwell): daughter of Daniel Bidwell
Bidwell Memorial Presbyterian Church 319
dedication of 345
Bidwell National Park, proposed name 293
Bidwell Orchard Company 350
Bidwell Park, city of Chico 233, 320, 376, 407
Bidwell Picnic Grove 302
Bidwell Rancheria 290, 323
Bidwell Sacramento River Park 319
Bidwell School on Nord Avenue 304, 317
Bidwell, Thomas [brother of John Bidwell] 50
Bidwell’s cemetery plot 292, 308, 367
Big Meadows, California 60, 89, 125, 237, 251, 294, 297, 362
Biggs, California 163, 309
Black Butte Lake, California 96, 129
Black Point, California 135
Blake, Florence 160, 185, 206, 254, 365
Blake, Mrs.
friend of Annie 268
Blinn, Mrs. Nellie 231
Block, Sam 236
Blood, Miss Maud, art studio 158
Board of Trade Roads Commission 251
Bohlander, Ida Florence 254
Bond, Lon 288
Booth, Newton 105
Brehm, Marie 310
Brigham, Gladys 343
British Isles 171
Broadwater, Mr. 76
brothel 115, 233, 304, 305
Brown, C. H. of Gridley 311
Brown, M. T. 181
Brown, Mr., Queen Victoria’s stableman 261
Brown, Mrs. 185
Browne, Rev. R. A. M. 310, 314, 349
arrested on morals charge 310
Broyles, Mrs. 153
Bruner, Gertrude 340
Brydon, Carrie 305
Buchanan, President James 18, 23
Buena Vista Springs 218
Bumpass area, Lassen Park 96
Bunnell family 96
burning, the (Indian) 149, 330, 356
Burr, Mrs. Breshaw 17, 26, 32, 135
Butler, Velma 407
Butt Creek, California 297
Butte County Knights Templar lodges 163
Butte County Railroad 305
Butte County Record 91
Butte Creek, California 136
Butte Meadows, California 249
Cadwalder, General 74
Calaveras Big Trees Park, California 79, 139
California and Oregon Railroad 74
California Club 345
California Home Guards 64
California Indian Association 353, 371
California Prohibition Party 348
California State Fair 139
California State Prohibition Party convention 183
California Teachers Association
Bidwells members of 361
Calistoga, California 89
Call 232, 352
Camp Brightness 96
Camp Politeness 96
Camp Repose 96
Camp Satisfaction 96
Camper and Costar realty 188
Camper, Maud B. 332, 404
camping
August 6, 1873 96
high meadows, July 1890 189
June 1873 96
Robin’s Nest with Sallie 294
September 1877 128
Carroll family 133, 139, 341
Carroll, Minnie 159, 169, 341
Carse, Mrs. 212
Central Pacific Railroad 70, 93
monopoly on rates 105
Century Magazine 194
Chalmers, Watson 133
Cheney, Dr. 137
Cherokee Hotel 61
cherries, Rancho Chico 256, 376, 377
Chicago, Illinois 13, 208, 313
Chico and Humboldt Road 362
Chico Armory 190
Chico Board of Trade 249
Chico, California
Annie’s new life in 54
laid out in 1860 64
Chico Cemetery 120, 125, 369
Bidwell family and friends section 120, 367, 368, 369
burials paid by Annie 367
Chico Chronicle-Record 203
Chico Creek, California 63, 240, 272, 276, 289, 320
Chico Depot 201
Chico Enterprise 219, 363
Chico Grange, Patrons of Husbandry 105
Chico High School 298, 316, 342
Chico Presbyterian Church 78, 82, 253, 328
building on sanctuary 83
Chico Public Library 306
Chico Public School Trustees 154
Chico Record 348
Chico Relief Society 181
Chico State Teachers College
Charles M. Osenbaugh, president 373
Chico Vecino subdivision 181, 188, 304, 317
Children’s Playground 320, 407
China Camp in Vina, California 329
Chinese
brickyards 182
conflict 124, 139
flooded out 133
gifts to Annie and Catherine 167
laborers 167
parade 246
Church, Mrs. Caroline 184, 394
Cinder Cone, California 96, 129
city plaza 376, 407
Clark, Mayor 377
Clear Creek, California 136
Cleaveland, H. W. 65, 81, 86, 88, 297
seen with married woman 86
Clements, Clara 212, 242, 243
Bessie, possible daughter of 244
remarries to James Nuchols 333
Clements, George 103, 148, 154, 212, 220, 224, 225, 233, 241, 242, 333, 390
acquitted by jury 245
arrested 242, 243, 244
Clara, wife of 212
new wife "Maud" 248, 399
Clements, Lily 240, 241, 242, 244, 296, 323, 326, 334, 360
marries James Nucholls 335, 336
Clements, Luther 220, 242, 244, 326, 351, 355, 398
Clough, F. M. 305, 342
Frank, son of 403
Clough, Harriett (Alexander) 372
Clough, Irvin 342, 343, 346, 372
Collins, Lilly (Bidwell) 203, 259
Collins, Mr. 77
Coloma, California 277
Colorado Springs, Colorado 187
Colusa, California 331
Congregational Church’s Mission Branch 361
Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania 13, 14
Conway, Eamyo 211, 240
Conway family, Indian 331
Conway, Isaiah 220, 355
Conway, William 219, 220, 338, 350
Cooley, Maria Louise 126, 367
Helen and Lucy, daughters of 126
Cooper, Maggie 184
Cooper, Mary 172
Cooper, Molly 181, 183, 395
correspondence during separations 279
Cottonwood, California 149
Craighead, Fannie 60, 77, 199
marries Mr. Huidekoper 199
Craighead, William and Julia Reynolds 199
Craighead, Fannie, daughter of 199
Crawford County 14
Crawford Weekly Messenger 21
Crew, Emma 126, 254
Crew, Harry 291
Crosette, George 91
Crosette, Isabel Tilden 152
Cuiverez, J. 312
Cunningham, Charley [Charlie] 118, 241, 395
Cussick, B. 317, 318
Dailey, John 173, 174
Dailey, Ruby 364, 380
Daughters of the American Revolution 19, 216, 385
Davidson, Emma (Wayland) 269
Dear General 38
Diamond Match’s mill 295, 304, 342
Dickey, William 106
Diggers 214
Dixon, Miss 45
Dixon, Mrs. 169
Dixon, Senator 45
Doers 207
Dogtown, California 136
Dolly Varden Party 105
Donahue, Mrs. 148
Dooley’s 193
Dorr, Sarah
president of Calif. state WCTU 312, 339
Durham, California 149
Durham, W. W. 388
Durkee, Frank Bidwell 407
Earll, Mrs. 392
Eastham, Vonnie 406
Edward Farwell Rancho 64, 111
Elko, Nevada 70, 132
Ellicott, Andrew 20
Kennedy, Jane Judith (Ellicott), daughter of 20
Ellicott, Jane Judith 20
Ellicott, Maggie 93. See also Woodhull, Maggie (Ellicott)
Ellicott, Major Andrew 216, 385
Ellicott property in Fountainville, Maryland 175, 188, 196
Ellicott, Sallie 16
Ellis, Rev. 132, 161
Emerson Institute 189
English, Ruby Dailey [Daily] 273, 374, 407
Enloe Hospital 368
Enterprise 307
entertainment 110, 139, 157, 159, 162, 172, 271, 374
Washington social set 17, 23, 59, 75, 90, 142
Evans, Miss 60
Examiner 232
Facts & Figures 307
expenses paid by Annie 307
Fairbairn, Fred 55
Fairbairn, Rev. Alex 55, 78, 82, 85, 95
Fred, son of Rev. A. and Mrs. Fairbairn 55
Fanianis 251
Fannie Reynolds 45
Faulkner, Charles 91, 137
Faulkner, Judge 378
Federation of Women’s Clubs 212
Ferrall, Rhoda 214
Ferrer, Dr. 183
Fifth Street Presbyterian Church 16, 36
Fillmore, President Millard 18, 23, 34
Fimple, Mrs. 307
fishing 14, 272
floods of 1889 188
Florence, Miss Ida 153, 154, 165, 182, 219
flourmill 75, 166
Foley
embezzlement suspect 101
Forest Ranch, California 249, 250
forestry station
land deeded by Annie 188
Fountainville property 175, 179, 285
Fourteen Mile House 250
Lucas’ barn 250
Franklin, Pennsylvania 22
French, Artie 236
French, Henry 237
frogs on Chico Creek 56
Fuller, America (Bidwell) 259
Gage, David 388
Gage, Helen Sommer 95, 359, 406
Gage, Mrs. David 61
Gage, Mrs. Sybil 388
Gatchell, Dr. Ella 227, 228, 236, 254, 255, 256, 336, 372, 380
Florence, daughter of 236
Geer, Mrs. 126
Geography of Astronomy 79, 389
Georgetown Cemetery 198
German picnic 302, 379
German Saving Bank 168
Gerolt, Bertha 46
Gerolt, Dorothea 46
Gerolt, Prussian ambassador 45
Gibbs, Augusta 94, 134, 169, 193, 294, 345
Gibbs, Mr. and Mrs. George W. 92, 269
Gilbert, Susan 337
wife of Jesse Slack 337
Gillis, Michael 386, 389
Glass, Louis 139, 169
Glen Oaks Cottages 185
Glenn County, California 166
Glenn, Dr. and Mrs. Hugh James 94
Goldsmith, Barbara 397
Good Roads Association 251
Graham, Rev. 161, 189, 312
alienates John Bidwell 192, 193, 312
announces resignation 253
attacks Annie and activities 191, 231, 312
Grant, General Ulysses S. 36, 45, 75, 93, 139
Gray, Dr. Asa 128, 158
Gray, Fred. H., Oroville’s hardware pioneer 312
Gray, George Moses 158
Gray, Mrs. 128
Great Western Power Company 296
Green, General W. S. 257
Green, Mrs. 169
Greenville, California 249
Greenville Government Indian School 246, 328
Greenwood, Grace 91
Gridley, California 163
Gross, Mrs. 234
Guill, Mrs. 307
Gurley, Reverend Dr. P. D. 16, 38, 43, 45
Hailah, Hiram, Indian laborer 294
Hallet and Loy 120
Hammonds, owners of Spreckels Meat Marker
automobile causes runaways 295
Harkness, Dr. 264
Harland, Mabel 214
Harland, Mrs. Hester 214
Hart, Rev. Orlando Elton
death of 368
Haskell Institute 353
Hawaii 59, 94, 99
Haycey, Indian 214
Hayes, Mrs. Rutherford B. 162
Hayes, President Rutherford B. 162
Hearst, George F. 358
Hearst, Phoebe (Apperson) 358, 363, 374
Hearst Ranch, Butte County 359
Helltown, California 136
Helpenstine, Mrs. 307
Hendricks, Mrs. Thomas P. 306, 311
Henry, John 73
Henry, Joseph secretary of the Smithsonian 45, 93
meets John Bidwell 36
Henshaw, Henry Weatherbee 158
Hicks, Rev. 305
Hill, Dorothy J. 228
Hill, Dr., dentist 93
Hilltop Farm, Pennsylvania 22
Hirschfelder, Arthur 236, 319, 374
Hirschfelder, Dr. Joseph 179, 183, 201, 203, 281, 343, 365
payment for services received from Annie 318
Hirschfelder, Mrs. 193
Hobart, Charles Van Duzen 53
Hobart, Emroy "Emma" (Bidwell) 103, 148, 214
wife of Charles Van Duzen Hobart 53
Holmes, Jessie 396, 398
wife of George Clements 398
Hooker Oak 233, 319
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton 128
Hoopes, Chad L. 386
Hopkins, Emily 364
Hotel Ramona 363, 407
Hudsmith, Ben 387
Huidekoper [Huydekoper] family, Arthur 20, 77, 199
Humboldt Road Wagon Road 249, 253, 256, 274
Humbug Valley, California 96
ice cream 218, 269, 306
Independent Party 105
the "Dolly Varden Party" 105
Indian brass band 219, 221, 319, 339
instruments paid by Annie 319
Indian burial rites 356
Indian chapel 226
destroyed by flames 355
leading services 153, 332, 338
normal school blessing to 220
remodeled 189, 219, 226
Rev. White and Annie baptise fifteen 331
the other Presbyterian church 253
Indian customs 350, 404
Indian dances 112, 113, 149, 325, 330, 356
Indian handiwork 102, 213, 246, 325
Indian Presbyterian Mission School 152
Indian rancheria 57, 357
1912 census 350
list of names 405
alcohol abuse 119, 150, 154
Annie buys piano and pays for voice lessons 319
Annie introduced to 57
Bidwell’s proclamation 155, 170, 397
Christmas celebrations 150, 151, 189, 215, 326
relocated, March 1869 57, 102
sounds from 56
twenty-six acres in trust for Indians 355
Indian school 105, 324
fallen apart 119, 122
first staff of 104
opposition to 105
organizing 147, 148, 225
progressing with paid teachers 153, 165
staff 148, 149, 150, 152, 153
teachers paid by Annie 151, 153
Indian village adjoining mansion 56
Indians, Bidwell Rancheria
working at Robin’s Nest 295
Indians of Chico Rancheria 228
Industrial Mission School 148
Intelligencer 22
Intercollegiate Prohibition Association 309
International Statistical Congress, 1851 23
Ireland 37, 277
Irvin, William 106
Italian ranch families
Fanianis and the Ruffas 251
J. P. Edwards and Montgomery Investment brokers 322
Jay, Laurinda (Bidwell) 168, 258
sister of John Bidwell 168
Jay, Wesley 168
Jewett, Mrs. Mary 62, 70, 371
John Bidwell and California, Gillis and Magliari 386, 388, 390, 391, 398
John the houseboy
elopement with Leona 236
Johnson, President Andrew 45
impeachment 44
Joint State Normal School Board 182, 377
Jones (African) spy 74
Jones, Callie 392
Jones, Clayborn 32, 46, 52, 206, 387
death of 212, 396
Jones, Susan 206, 387, 396
Jones, William A. 393
Jonesville, California 249
Jordan, David Starr 407
Kane, Mrs. 92, 169, 269
Kennedy, Andrew 20
Kennedy, Annie Ellicott 26, 30, 48, 49, 277, 374. See also herein Bidwell, Annie Ellicott Kennedy
Annie Ellicott Kennedy
Annie Bidwell pays costs of baby’s delivery 290
daughter of Joe and Winifred Kennedy 290, 367
education fund set up for grandniece 372
birth of 21
Kennedy, Catherine (Morrison) 14, 15, 19, 24, 41, 56, 143
criticism of husband 59
dangers list of worries 95
daughter of Morrison, Joseph and Anne (McMillan) 21
emotional health 15, 30, 80, 84, 180, 238
female problems of aging 167
stressing proper protocol 230
visits Rancho Chico fourteen months 75, 77, 79, 84
visits Rancho Chico seven months 97
visits Rancho Chico with husband 138
will 238, 283, 284
Kennedy, Cora (Wayland) 113, 136, 150, 184, 272, 284, 338, 369, 371, 373, 380, 395
Kennedy, Dr. Samuel 29, 216, 385
Kennedy, Dr. Thomas 20
Kennedy, Eva (Sampson) 236, 254, 284, 291, 295, 307, 338
accompanies Annie to Honolulu 291
Kennedy family conflict, 1901 283
Kennedy, Guy Reynolds 89, 136, 139, 160, 165, 175, 207, 215, 221, 238, 240, 269, 284, 295, 307, 336, 366, 368, 369, 375
buys Annie’s remaining cattle 322
education partly paid by Annie 189
marriage to Eva Sampson 221, 232
named Annie’s representative 322
Kennedy, Helen 31
Kennedy, Jane Julia Ellicott 29
Kennedy, John "Johnny" Reynolds 31, 46, 47, 87, 264, 269, 284, 292, 367, 369
brother of Annie 55
Cora E. P. Wayland, wife of 85, 87
death of 119, 120, 137, 150
lassoing "wild cattle" 59
will 121
with Miss Evans 60
Kennedy, Joseph Calm Griffith 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 41, 141, 145, 160, 164, 172, 301
Craighead, Lydia L. (Reynolds), stepsister of 20
death of 172, 174, 216, 227
director of U.S. Census 15, 22
Joey and Guy, grandchildren of 165
marriage to Catherine Morrison 21
meets John Bidwell 35
not reappointed as director 61
visits Annie and John in Chico 138
will 175, 239, 284
Kennedy, Joseph "Joey" "Joe" Morrison 24, 28, 76, 138, 160, 173, 177, 196, 238, 285, 290, 295, 296, 301, 322, 369
brother of Annie 28
caddish behavior 60, 180, 195, 199
death of 198, 258
heavy drinking 60, 85, 196
jilts fiancée Fannie Craighead 60
military service of 25
Kennedy, Joseph John "Joey" 113, 165, 284, 367
marries Winifred Moon 290
baby’s expenses paid by Annie 290
daughter namesake of Annie 290
phone bill paid by Annie 291
son of John and Cora Kennedy 113, 136
Kennedy, Sallie 14, 29, 30, 54, 59, 144, 288. See also Alexander, Sallie (Kennedy)
Chico, visits to 86, 88, 125, 129
daughter of Joseph and Catherine Kennedy 29
in love with cousin Joseph M. Morrison 142, 143
father objects to marriage 142, 217
marriage to Thomas H. Alexander 179
Kennedy, Sarah (Ruston) 29
Kennedy, Sarah Jane "Sallie". See Kennedy, Sallie
Keola [Kiala], Mary 213, 240, 325
King, Mr. 225
King, Thomas Starr 293
Knights of Labor 182
Knights Templar 163
Ladies Relief Society 126
Lafonso, Amanda 112, 246, 324
Bidwells disapprove of divorce 326
death of baby 327
marries Santa Wilson 327
wife of Holai Lafonso 152
Lafonso, Elmer 154, 220, 240, 241, 323, 324, 328, 330, 332, 339, 345, 347, 350, 351, 352, 354, 372, 380, 406
Genevieve, wife of 350, 373
Donna Mae, daughter of 353
Genevieve, daughter of 353
hired to sing 352
Lafonso, Holai 112, 152, 154, 247, 323, 324, 330, 351
Amanda, wife of 154, 323
chief of rancheria 155
death of 154, 329, 335
Lafonso, Luther
enlists in U.S. Army 354
made drunk 241
Lafonso, Maggie Sowilleno 154, 211, 213, 219, 240, 253, 296, 299, 323, 324, 328, 331, 332
daughter of Amanda and Holai Lafonso 152
death of 332
education trust paid by John Bidwell 325
Lake Almanor, California 297
Lake Pontchartrain 166
Lake Tahoe 132
Lassen Peak 96, 128, 293
Lathers family 93
Latour, Ira H. 393
Leavitt, Mary Clements 162, 204, 310
Lee, Miss Jessie 122, 150, 151
Lemm Ranch 124
Letter of Acceptance 203
Lewis, Mr. 329
Lick Trust of San Francisco 168, 258, 315
Liew, Dr. Van, president of the normal school 334, 377, 378
Lincoln, President Abraham 18, 23
Linda, favorite mule 209
Little Brown Church, Magalia 306
Little Brown Church, Stirling City 305
Little White Mother 356
Livingston, Montana 190
Lizzie 148
Longley, Pres 136
Longworth Hotel 202
Los Angeles, California 139, 190, 348
Lott, Judge Charles Fayette 54
Loyal Temperance League (Legion) 211, 309
Luccayan 155
Nopanny daughter of 155
Luckyan, Chief 223, 396
Lucy, Indian girl student 153
Lulu the maid and cook 182, 252
Lusk, Franklin C. 94, 132, 258, 272, 283, 315
Annie takes advice from 322
John Bidwell enraged at 278
omitted liquor clause in Styles’ deed 317
shrewd legal mind 279
thorn in Bidwell’s side 279
Lusk, Mrs. Mary Jane 94
Lyon, Mr., planting expert 279
Madera, California 139
Magalia, California 184, 305
Magliari, Michael 386, 389
Maidu tribes, 1851 treaty with 324
Mammoth Springs, Montana 190
Mandeville, Mrs. J. C. 61
Manitou Springs, Colorado 187
March, Judge 316
Marguerite Apartments 363
Markham, Henry H. 191
Mary Jewett Fund of the WASCP 371
Marysville, California 54, 71, 162
Mason, Mr. (Negro) 174
Mason, Mr., evangelist 207
Mathewson, Fannie Smith, sister of Eva Kennedy 291
Donald, son of 375, 402
Maud 248, 399
Mazy Way 274
McClellan, Gen. 23
McDonald, Lois H. 386, 429
McDonald, Mr. 159
McEnery, Hugh 306
McKinney and Flannery, legal firm in D.C. 284
McLean, Austin 219
McMillan, Anne 21
McMillan, Lt. William 385
McMillan, Mrs. 103, 148
McRae, Judge 54
Meadville, Pennsylvania 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 29, 45, 61, 236
major founders of 199
Mechoopda Association 355, 356
Mechoopda cemetery 355, 356
Mechoopda sweathouse 326, 330
Mechoopda village 381
possible Presbyterian model of Christian devotion 278
Mechoopdas 323, 355, 370
horrible lamentations 57
Mendocino County, California 314
Meriam, Annie (Lund) 366, 377, 378
diary 381, 407
wife of Morrison E. Meriam 366
Meriam, Prof. Morrison E. 366, 377, 379
Meriam, Theodore "Ted" 377, 378
Messinger, Reuben 249, 250, 252, 294, 296, 316, 372, 377
Ruby, daughter of 294
Mexican era 34
Mexican War 34, 36, 63, 195
Mickey, Mrs. 108
Middleton, California
school for Indians 154, 243
Miller, Mrs. George 307
Ministerial Union 207
Mitchell, Joseph Charles 331
marries Maggie Sowillino Lafonso 324, 331
Mitchell, Maggie 335. See also Lafonso, Maggie
burial of 356
Montreal 188
Moon, Winifred, wife of Joseph John Kennedy 290, 367
Morehead, Ardenia 302
Morehead Ranch, Butte County 302
Morgan, General from Rhode Island 279
Morrison, Anne MacMillan 25
grandmother of Annie 25
Morrison, Belle 176, 217
wife of Joseph M. Morrison 217
Morrison, Catherine 19, 80
marriage to Joseph C. G. Kennedy 21
Morrison, Guy, Butte County miner 313
Morrison, Joseph (Catherine’s brother) 138
Morrison, Joseph (Catherine’s father) 21
Morrison, Joseph M. 141, 176, 177, 178
Morrisons 15, 174
Morristown, New Jersey 107
Morrow, Quincy Lee 310
Mosquito Creek, California 179
Mow, Ah 126
Mt. Lassen, California 240
Mt. Shasta, California 128, 139
Muir, John 128, 143, 281, 293, 389
Muir, Mrs. John 131
National Convention of Sunday Schools 92
National Indian Association 209, 258, 364, 371
National Inquirer 309
National Womens Christian Temperance Union
Annie resigns commission to 191
convention in Chicago 207
Native American customs 57
Native Daughters of California (Golden West) 292, 320
Neubarth, August 396
Neubarth, John 219, 319, 396
New York 171, 313
New York Chatauqua 258
New York Examiner 386
Newton, Isaac 35
Nikirk, Mrs. 307
Nimshew, California 136
Nopanny 58, 103, 112, 123, 148, 151, 222, 223, 243, 325, 327
daughter of Chief Luckyan 223
death of 228
keeps Annie’s keys 222
supporting Indian school, Indian chapel 224
Nord Indians 331
Nordhoff, California 185
normal school 182, 359, 362
Annie deeds part of orchard to 319
grads hosted by Annie 359
laying the cornerstone 182
opening 188
site selected 171, 172
Normal School Christian Men’s Club 299
Normal School Trustees, Los Angeles 212
Northern Crown 314
Nucholls [Nuchols], James 333, 396
Annie orders to leave village 334, 336
marries Janey [Clara] 333
marries Lily Clements after Janey 335
Nucholls children 326, 335
Myrtle 334, 360
Nucholls, Janey
death of 335
Nupani 387, 397. See also Nopanny; Preacher, Mrs. Nopanny
Oakland, California 254
Occidental Board of the Women’s Foreign Missionary 152, 153
Occidental Hotel 54, 97
Ojai Valley, California 185
Old Adobe Inn 301
"Old Tonoco" 227
Omaha, Nebraska 71
Oregon & California line 93
Oregon California Trail 190
Oregon City, California 313
Oregon Trail 63
Oregon Trail Road 50
Oroville, California 14, 54, 58, 71, 246, 309
Orphelia
John Bidwell’s haircutter 268
Oser’s 335
Other Bidwells [The], Margaret Ramsland 386
Paine, Dr. Edwin, head of Greenville school 333
Pamaho’s [Pamoho] wife 103, 148, 224
death of 104
Park College 350, 353
Parker, Mary
friend of Annie 32
Parry, Dr. C. C., botanist 158, 181, 186, 187
Patapsco River 197, 198
Patriotic Phalanx 309
Paul, Frank 322
Pavilion, the 163, 166
Paxton, Rev. 142
Pence, California 136
Perkins, Senator George C. 133, 231, 317, 341
Perry, A. A. 184
Petersen, Fred 372
Philadelphia Centennial Celebration 150
Philadelphia Exposition 114
Philadelphia Press 173
Phillips, Philip 86, 88
Pickler, Mr. 170
Pierce, Edward T., normal school principal 18, 23, 272
Pike’s Peak, Colorado 187
Pinchot, Gifford
chief of the Bureau of Forestry 293, 362, 406
Pine Creek, California 96
Placerville, California 161
Portland, Oregon 188, 190, 320
Potts, Walter 220
Powellton, California 96
Powers, Mr., Stanford professor 232
Prattville, California 249, 294, 295
Preacher, Billy 151, 155, 226, 228, 350
Nopanny, wife of 151, 224
Preacher, Mrs. Nopanny 225. See also Nopanny
Presbyterian Church 27, 371
financing of 73, 78, 82, 83, 84, 86, 193, 253
Presbyterian Church Board of Home Missions 317, 353
transfers rancheria land to BIA 355
Presbyterian College Board 321
Presbyterian Mite Society 58, 61, 95, 157, 163, 271
president, Annie resigns as 100
prohibition 300, 309
Prohibition Alliance 309, 326, 336
Prohibition Party Convention in Butte County 201
Prohibition Party National Convention in Ohio 202
Bidwell’s letter of acceptance 203
Prohibition Train 309
Promontory, Utah 70, 77
Proud, William and Florence (Blake) 136, 365, 372, 374
marriage of 365
William John, son of 365
Pulisse, Rufus 220, 241, 245, 350
"Queen to preside at his Mansion" 164
Quincy, California 246
Ragan, "Aunt Eliza" 367
Ramona Hotel, San Francisco 366
Ramsland, Margaret 386
Rancheria Lane 151
Rancho Chico 34
abundant produce 271, 316
Bidwell’s aspirations of 50
creation of subdivision maps 259
heavily in debt 59, 75, 117, 168, 258, 287, 298
mismanagement of 43
mortgage paid off 259, 315
property taxes 50, 53
purchase of 34, 276
undivided remainder sold 321
Rancho Chico Fruit Camp 329
Rancho Chico Indians 397
Rancho del Arroyo Chico 63, 346
Raphel 386
rattlesnakes 95
Reading, Alice, portrait artist of John Bidwell 292
Reading, P. B., John Bidwell’s fellow pioneer
Alice Reading, daughter of 292
Record 307
Red Bluff, California 163
Redding, California 128
Reed, Anna (Morrison) 403
critic of Annie, temperance and prohibition 314
daughter of Guy Morrison 313
editor and lecturer 314
Reed, Dan 296, 407
Reed, Harry 42, 58
Reed, John 313
Reed, Marietta 296
Reed, Mary (Bidwell) 32, 42, 58, 205, 255, 262, 376
daughter of Daniel Bidwell 50
Reed, Mrs. Harry
Dan, son of 296
Marietta, daughter of 296
Reich, Prof. 171
Remington bill 311
Remington, Sen. W. E. 311
Republican Party 22, 40, 173
Republican Party Convention 55
retreat for Presbyterian ministers 297
Revolutionary War 19, 29
Reynolds 20, 174
Reynolds, Fannie 44
Reynolds, Jane Judith Ellicott Kennedy 20
Reynolds, Jane Maria (Sergeant) 20
Reynolds, John Van Liew 15, 17, 20
Reynolds, Julia 236
Reynolds, Lydia L. (Craighead) 20
Reynolds, William 20, 236
Rice, Rev. 148
Richards, John
help provided by Annie 304
Richardson, Larry V. 407
Richie, Mr. 159
Rideout Bank 91
Rio Chico Subdivision 316
layout supervised by Annie 317
Rio Chico Way 317
Ripples Along Chico Creek 386, 390
Rising, Mr. 307
Rising Star 47
Roamer the beautiful greyhound 113, 275
Robbie, Mrs. William 307
Robin’s Nest 257, 294, 297, 341, 368
1906 jolliest season 296
Annie’s last visit 322
naming of 294
willed to Presbyterian Church 297
Robinson, Henry 71
Roseville, California 77
Roseville junction 93
Royce, Col. C. C. 186, 205, 239, 259, 272, 315, 320, 330, 336, 377
Royce, Mrs. Belle 186, 213, 292, 377
Rudderow, John 392
Ruffas 251
S.S. Sacramento 47
Sacramento Avenue 151
Sacramento Bee 286, 380
Sacramento, California 139, 263
Sacramento River 94, 139, 272, 319
new bridge weakened 166, 188
Sacramento Union 312
Sagerstown, Pennsylvania 145
Samantha 149
Sampson, Evangeline "Eva" 215, 221
marriage to Guy Kennedy 221, 368
San Francisco, California 58, 62, 94, 139, 183, 185, 190, 254, 263, 277, 294, 322
months spent in by Annie 213, 345, 363
San Francisco Chronicle 106
hateful accusations of John Bidwell 202
San Francisco earthquake of 1906 375
San Francisco Presidio 135
San Francisco Union Trust Company 370
San Francisco Weekly Examiner 45, 386
San Jose Normal School 171
Sarah (orphan) 107
Sargent, W. G. 46
Sawyer, Dr. 97
Schooler, William, attorney 244, 246, 247
partner to Guy Kennedy 248
Sergeant, Jane Maria (Reynolds) 20
Serra, Junipero 293
Sesook 149
Shaw, Rev. Anna Howard 231
Sherman, General William Tecumseh 36, 45, 75, 162
Shinn, Dr., head of Forestry School, UC, Berkeley 324
Shover, Dr. Michele 110, 390
Sierra Polytechnic Institute 361
Silvers, Pablo 220, 241, 350
Simpson, Billy
death of 303
Simpson, Juanita 355
Sir Joseph Hooker Oak 320
Sisson, California 129
Sisson, Mr. 129
Skelton, Henrietta 194, 237, 310
preaches for Rev. Graham 209
Slack, Jesse 337
slavery, the issue of 29
Smith, Fannie 221, 236
sister of Eva (Sampson) Kennedy 221
soap factory burned 124
Sommer, Mrs. Carl "Willie" 162
Spreckels Meat Market 295
Spreckels, Mrs. 344
Spring Valley Mine 139, 169
Sproul, J. D., district attorney 242, 283
serves George Clements warrant 244
St. John, Mr.
National Prohibition Party chairman 201
St. Wells, Rev. 55
Stanford, Governor Leland 34, 64, 191, 293
Stanford, Jane 407
Stanley, Grace 152, 392
Stansbury, Dr. Oscar 182, 184, 252, 272, 291
Stansell, Lois, former secretary to Guy Kennedy 402
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 229, 233
State Automobile Association 291
State Joint Board of Normal School Trustees. 279
State Prohibition Conference 182
Statuary Hall of Fame 293
Stephens, Mrs. 246
Stevens, Mrs. (Auburn) 184
Stevenson, William D. 107, 118, 122, 149, 292, 367
death of 123, 150
Steward, Susan 44, 46, 51, 206. See also Jones, Susan
Stewart, George 99, 133
Stewart, Miss Mary 103, 104, 148, 149
Stewart, Reverend Dr. A. M. 109
death of 100
Fairbairn, Rev. Alex, replacement of 95
first sermon 97
funeral paid by John Bidwell 101
Stirling City, California 295, 304, 342, 367
Stone, Mr. and Mrs. R. Foster
WCTU organizers 304
Styles, Mr. 316
suffrage for women 191, 229, 230, 232, 300, 302, 379
final campaign in California 349
Supt. of Scientific Temperance Instruction 181
Surface, Ira E. 308
salary supplemented by Annie 308
Susy (Indian) 149
Sutter, John 63, 277
death of 270
Sutter, John Jr. 47
Sutter’s Fort, California 47, 111
Swartzlow, Ruby 406
Swedenborg, Emmanuel 72
swim place 240
Table Mountain, California 61, 313
Tacoma, Washington 190
Taylor, President Zachary 18, 22
Tehama, California 88
The Prohibitionist 203
Tichenor, Mesdame 113, 275
Tilden, Belle 91
Tilden, Dr. Thomas 306
Tilden, Dr. William P. 91
Tilden, Mollie 91
Tonoco 227
Tonoka 214
Trincano, Madame 135, 158, 392
Trinity School in San Francisco 189
True, Ben 124, 133
Twain, Mark 206
U.S. Centennial celebration 113
U.S. Department of Interior’s BIA 355
U.S. Supreme Court 285
Ulke, Mr.
artist 44, 48
Union Railroad 70
Vallombrosa 320, 376
Vancouver, B.C. 188
Vanguard 309
Vaughn, John 308, 368
salary paid by Annie 308
Victorian age 37, 40, 261
Vincent, Mrs. 107
Vindicator 309
War between the States 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 114
Warman, Prof. 195
Warren, Rev. 161
Warren, Robert, Chico justice of the peace 243
Washington, D.C.
Kennedys move to 15, 22
Washington Evening Star 270
Washington, General George 19, 20, 216
Wayland, Cora E. P. 85, 86, 189
Kennedy, John Reynolds, marriage to 85
Wayland, Dr. Joseph F. 73, 74, 137, 182
Wayland, John 163
brother of Cora E. P. (Wayland) Kennedy 120
Wayland, Mrs. Emma 61, 74, 84, 182, 271
Webster, Daniel 216
wedding ceremony April 16, 1868
San Francisco Weekly Examiner report 45
wedding, John and Annie’s 42, 43, 44
Westar, General 46
Whig Party 21, 173
White, John Bidwell 372
son of Rev. W. G. White 372
White, Narcissa E. 169
White, Rev. Willis G. 253, 256, 257, 328, 331, 339, 372, 380
white ribbon pledge of abstinence 262, 302, 305, 375
Wiggs, Evelyn Dorthy 368
Willard, Frances E. 204, 231, 258, 302, 310
William Dickey grant 34, 63
Williams, Senator 62
Wilson, Amanda 350, 354, 373, 390
Wilson, Amanda (Lafonso) 112, 224, 351
Wilson, Birnie 220, 328, 347, 351
studied ministery with Annie’s financial help 328
Wilson, Edward 328
Wilson, Eva 328
Wilson, Mandy 380
Wilson, Santa 327, 328, 339, 350
Wilson, Sherman E. 328, 355
Wilson, Thelma
daughter of Sherman Wilson 355
Winding Way 274
wine 36, 66, 193, 273, 301, 311, 312, 314
grapes 66, 67, 301, 319
Winoka, Chief 149
Woertendyke, James, Prohibition Party chairman 308, 310
Women’s Board of the Panama-Pacific International 363
Women’s Christian Missionary 367
Women’s Christian Temperance Union 162, 231, 379
Annie K. Bidwell WCTU chapter 291
Chico Frances E. Willard Branch of WCTU 162, 302, 303
WCTU branches 163, 304, 307, 315, 339, 371
WCTU Free Reading Room 181, 303
WCTU National Convention, 1900 208, 258
Women’s Congress, San Francisco 211, 325, 358
Women’s Federated Clubs of California 364
Women’s National Congress 231
Women’s Pavilion 363
Women’s Relief Corps 181
Wong 73
Woodhull, Dr. 135, 160
Woodhull, Maggie (Ellicott) 135, 160
Woodman Academy, Chico’s first school 300
Woodman, Rev. James M. 231, 300
Woodman, Saline [Selena] Marie 163, 231, 300, 303
Woods, Rev. and Mrs. 104, 105, 148
Irene, daughter of 109
Woods, Rev. John 104, 115, 150
accused of improper behavior 108, 115
back salary paid by John Bidwell 116
resigns and leaves Chico 116
Woodward, Miss Mary 307
Work, Mesdame 113
World’s Exposition in San Francisco 364, 374, 380
World’s Fair in Chicago, 1893 204, 207, 235
Worldwide Christian Endeavor Convention in Glasgow 344
Wozencraft, O. M., U.S. Indian agent 223, 324
Wylie Local Option bill, 1910 309
YMCA building, gift of lot for 316
YMCA Mission (Washington, D.C.) 17, 27
Yosemite Valley 89, 139
Young, Earnest 220
Young People’s Christian Endeavor Conference 329
Youth Missionary Society 181
Yummarine, Chief 396
